Interdisciplinary fields

Interdisciplinary sub-specialties of medicine are:

* General practice, family practice, family medicine or primary care is, in many countries, the first port-of-call for patients with non-emergency medical problems.
* Many other health science fields, e.g. dietetics
* Bioethics is a field of study which concerns the relationship between biology, science, medicine and ethics, philosophy and theology.
* Biomedical Engineering is a field dealing with the application of engineering principles to medical practice.
* Clinical pharmacology is concerned with how systems of therapeutics interact with patients.
* Conservation medicine studies the relationship between human and animal health, and environmental conditions. Also known as ecological medicine, environmental medicine, or medical geology.
* Disaster medicine deals with medical aspects of emergency preparedness, disaster mitigation and management.
* Diving medicine (or hyperbaric medicine) is the prevention and treatment of diving-related problems.
* Evolutionary medicine is a perspective on medicine derived through applying evolutionary theory.
* Forensic medicine deals with medical questions in legal context, such as determination of the time and cause of death.
* Gender-based medicine studies the biological and physiological differences between the human sexes and how that affects differences in disease.
* Hospital medicine is the general medical care of hospitalized patients. Physicians whose primary professional focus is hospital medicine are called hospitalists in the USA.
* Medical humanities includes the humanities (literature, philosophy, ethics, history and religion), social science (anthropology, cultural studies, psychology, sociology), and the arts (literature, theater, film, and visual arts) and their application to medical education and practice.
* Medical informatics, medical computer science, medical information and eHealth are relatively recent fields that deal with the application of computers and information technology to medicine.
* Nosology is the classification of diseases for various purposes.
* Preventive medicine is the branch of medicine concerned with preventing disease.
o Community health or public health is an aspect of health services concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis.
o Occupational medicine's principal role is the provision of health advice to organizations and individuals to ensure that the highest standards of health and safety at work can be achieved and maintained.
o Aerospace medicine deals with medical problems related to flying and space travel.
* Osteopathic medicine, a branch of the U.S. medical profession.
* Pharmacogenomics is a form of individualized medicine.
* Sports medicine deals with the treatment and preventive care of athletes, amateur and professional. The team includes specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, other personnel, and, of course, the athlete.
* Therapeutics is the field, more commonly referenced in earlier periods of history, of the various remedies that can be used to treat disease and promote health [1].
* Travel medicine or emporiatrics deals with health problems of international travelers or travelers across highly different environments.
* Professions complementing physicians
o Nursing specialties: specialties performed by Nurses.
o Mid-level practitioners: performance of medical sciences by other certified people than physicians or nurses; Nurse practitioners, practitioners of medical psychology, midwives and physician assistants, treat patients and prescribe medication in many jurisdictions.
o Allied health professions: a diverse set of clinical healthcare professions distinct from medicine and nursing.
* Urgent care focuses on delivery of unscheduled, walk-in care outside of the hospital emergency department for injuries and illnesses that are not severe enough to require care in an emergency department. In some jurisdictions this function is combined with the emergency room.
* Veterinary medicine; veterinarians apply similar techniques as physicians to the care of animals.